Basic Structural Steel Drawings Useful For Fabrication & Erection

January 28th, 2012 by admin No comments »

Structural Steel Fabricators that actually prepare the steel structure or building heavily depends on detailed drawings prepared by the steel detailer. The steel detailer produce these drawings using the construction drawings supplied by structural engineer depending on material availability and shop fittings. Below is a brief outline of essential drawings required during structural steel fabrication and erection.

Design Drawings:

These drawings are produced by structural engineers or architects. Design drawings contains all the details required to prepare structural drawings. They provide data on loads, axial forces, moments, and shear forces. It also contain information of each framing member, precise dimensions, location of each beam and column and general notes for reference.

Anchor Bolt Settings:

Anchor bolt plans explain settings of all anchor bolts with regard to the foundations or footings. Typically, the construction of the foundation has nothing to do with steel fabricators job but the masonry plans may contain some items which the steel fabricator need to furnish. They include leveling base plates, anchor bolts, grilles and machinery braces that must be positioned by the masonry person well before the erection of the steel framework. The steel fabricator supply final anchor bolt settings plan to the masonry person to explain he field placement of the anchor bolts.

Column Base Connection Details:

This generally illustrates connections between the steel framing and the foundation. It may contain information like grout thickness dimensions, elevation of base plates and anchor bolt projection, etc.

Detail Drawings:

Detail drawings present details of all connections. It displays the relationship between connected structural members and may contain common assembly and clearance dimensions. Steel Shop drawings are produced from the connection details furnished here.

Shop Drawings:

Steel fabricator uses Shop drawings to fabricate each structural member in steel fabrication shops. Structural steel members are manufactured according to the details and dimensions information furnished in the detail drawings. Standards for shop drawings differ from one fabricator to another but typically all drawings comply with the AISC (American Institute of Steel Construction) standards for structural detailing.

Erection Plans:

The structural drafter prepares Erection plans for the steel structure. These drawings contain important information such as the location of each member or sub-assembly in the steel framing, column base connection details, anchor bolt plans, etc.

Bill of Materials (BoM):

Typically, a CAD draftsman prepares the bill of materials listing all structural members of the steel framing separately. The bill of materials is displayed on all shop drawings and contain information such as required material quantity, erection marks, shop and field fasteners, size of connecting plates, etc.

General Notes:

General notes are required on all steel drawings and provides essential information such as type of steel, size of holes, size of bolts, hole patterns, etc required by the fabrication shop.

Wedding Slide Wood Working Plans Refinance Home Mortgage

Trailer Hitch Installation – 2005 Cadillac SRX – etrailer.com

January 23rd, 2012 by admin No comments »

www.etrailer.com Videos are provided as a guide only. Refer to manufacturer installation instructions and specs for complete information. Today on this 2005 Cadillac SRX we are going to be installing Hidden Hitch part number 87661. This installation will also apply for Draw-Tite hitch part number 75174. We are underneath the vehicle and we need to do a couple of things in preparation to getting our hitch installed. We need to first lower the spare tire down and get it out of our way and we also need to remove the exhaust off of both sides of the vehicle. There are three exhaust brackets per side that we need to remove the exhaust off of. Two at the rear, one at the forward side of the exhaust just to the outboard side of the heat shield. To lower the exhaust off of the rubber hangers we want to take a spray lubricant and spray down the studs. Then you can take a pry bar if necessary and pull those right off of there. 00:50 I do want to note that before you finish off with all six of the rubber hangers you do want to put some type of support strap across the forward side of the exhaust tubes because once you have removed the exhaust off of all of its hangers the exhaust could fall and damage the system. With the exhaust lowered off of its hangers we want to go back to the rear most exhaust bracket that is attached nearest to the bumper. There is one on each side. We need to remove the exhaust bracket from the vehicle. To do this there are three bolts holding it on. There

Skincare Treatment

The Uses of Adhesives

January 18th, 2012 by admin No comments »

Adhesives are compounds which adhere two different items together. Initially, adhesives were derived from the gums and resins of different plants, but now there are synthetic sources of adhesives which are extremely strong and are gradually making a firm foothold in the construction chemical industry. There is a wide range of their usage, from micro to macro level in our everyday lives. From the packaging of small sachets of shampoo to fixing a full length mirror to its frame, adhesive is used all around us. From mechanical to chemical, and even in cottage industries, you can not rule out the constant contribution of adhesives. They are popular due to their ease of use, versatility and flexibility.

Adhesives have a long list of uses. They are so inextricably linked to our lives that we become oblivious of their presence. But if we look around, we will find some kind of adhesive used in every sphere of our daily lives, be it furniture, gadgets or toys. Their varied use in food packaging to building construction has forced the manufacturers to research and make different kinds to suit different needs. Some are toxic and strong, they serve industrial purpose. Some are mild and free of any kinds of toxics. They are used in making toys for children, infant products or edibles packaging. Some are water resistant and non toxic. For example, adhesives are used in the packaging of ice creams. Liquid can reduce the adherence quality. So you need a strong yet non toxic adhesive which does not come apart when it comes into contact with water or any other kind of liquid.

Traditionally, there were various methods used for fastening, gluing and bonding. They were soldering, welding, brazing and other thermal and mechanical procedures which needed equipment, but now, adhesives are more widely used. They neither need tools and devices nor electricity or batteries to run them. The common uses of adhesives can be divided into two broad categories:

Industrial and Commercial Use

Under this heading comes adhesive usage in all kinds of industries, small or heavy. In small industries like those of food products, toys or stationary items, adhesives play an integral role in processing to packaging. Even the cling wrap around your phone card or the lipstick connected to its base has adhesives playing their roles. In heavy industries, adhesives play a central role, right from assembling spare parts of any machine, car paint or branding them with labels. In the construction industry too, for uniform distribution of stress, woods are bonded with strong adhesives. Apart from that, for painting and furnishing or home décor, adhesives are very essential.

Household Use

Right from sticking envelopes to rejoining broken toys, we use adhesives very frequently. In form of glue sticks, cellotapes or gums, we use adhesives everyday to mend shoes, to glue postage stamps, repair something or attaching tags to gifts.

There are manifold advantages of using adhesives over other adhering processes. Adhesives work faster than other bonding methods. Though surface preparation takes time as well as material cost, yet it is more effective than the traditional process. Unlike thermal or mechanical fastening methods, adhesives offer flexibility of material selection. They are not restricted to joining metals only. It joins larger as well as smaller areas with equal perfection which is an impossible task for other traditional methods. If a related industry can utilise the maximum potential of this flexibility profits would be soaring.

Using adhesives instead of traditional binding ensures a reduced cost of production. It neither needs equipments for drilling, welding, soldering or other fastening agents, nor manual force to operate them. Welding is a rigid method which brings physical changes in the materials adhered. If you need to undo the process after using adhesive, there are agents available to serve your purpose. Using them, the fastening or adherence can be undone without distorting the item retaining their original look. Due to this flexibility, undoing becomes easier. It saves production time and it does not take very long. This not only saves time, but also reduces production costs in the long run. Items needed to fasten are not disfigured or discoloured. So now you can skip the secondary procedure of rectification of these distortions.

In traditional bonding, often you need to drill the item to insert fasteners like nuts or bolts. This weakens the internal structure. Adhesives do not need any foreign props for assembling. At macro level, it saves material cost while at micro level it saves the hassle of a prolonged procedure.

There is a variety of adhesives available at different price ranges. These can be used for different kinds of material surfaces. Unlike welding, they can be used on hardwoods, softwoods, papers and so on. This versatility of adhesives makes it more popular in different industries. They offer effective tensile strength to the surface and substrate bonding. They even join porous materials. Moreover the joints are invisible which ensures a finished product with the least possible blemish.

These adhesives are equally helpful and effective in joining two different kinds of materials with different melting points. In other words, they can join two dissimilar materials too. For industrial use, this is a very important characteristic which makes manufacturers preferring adhesives over traditional fastening procedures.

One of the greatest advantages of adhesive use is that it distributes the stress load uniformly. It does not let the stress be concentrated in one place. Locally accumulated stress further increases the possibility of rupture. Apart from that, since mating surfaces are always in contact, it protects the items against many environmental odds. The continuous bonding makes this possible.

Another remarkable feature of adhesives is it does not affect the weight of the item noticeably. Usually brazing and soldering, along with physical changes, bring change in weight as well. But with adhesive this change is almost negligible. This versatility of adhesives is known to everyone and the same is reflected in its varied usage all around.

To Weight Training Watches Fossil Large Digital Photo Frame

Attaching Wood To Concrete

January 15th, 2012 by admin No comments »

A very important tip is to use the right tool for each method. When you’re dealing with concrete and masonry, you’re obviously dealing with extremely hard material. Woodworking hammers are too light and steel drill bits too soft. The concrete is also brittle. Hard sharp chips are likely to fly out as you work on it, so always wear safety goggles to protect your eyes.

Nails. Nailing wood directly to concrete is probably the simplest, quickest and cheapest method. Unfortunately, once driven, these nails may jar loose from a few hammer blows to the side of the board. So, they are better for temporary fastening.

You’ll usually find two types of special nails at the hardware store, cut nails and hardened concrete nails. Drive nails with a 2- to 4-lb. hammer. Actually, it’s very hard to drive nails into cured (hardened) concrete, even with a 4-lb. hammer. They work best in concrete that’s only cured for a few days.

Nails can be quite effective in mortar joints, however. Mortar is softer than either the concrete block or brick, and it holds nails fairly well. For best results, drive them right along the joint edge. And here’s a professional tip: for improved holding power, run a bead of glue along the backside of your wood before nailing it up.

Predrilled Fasteners. There is a family of fasteners that can be driven into a predrilled hole. These not only fasten wood to concrete, but will fasten just about anything else to concrete as well.

They install easily, simply drill through the wood and into the concrete and drive the fastener.

Drilling the hole is the only difficult part. Use a carbide tip bit. Because these holes are relatively small, your standard 1/4-inch or 3/8 inch power drill can do an adequate job, although each hole may take several minutes to bore. A hammer drill, however, will drill your hole in a matter of seconds. A hammer drill is expensive, but they can be rented. If you have a lot of holes to drill, they’ll save a lot of time.

It’s a good idea to glue your wood to the concrete or masonry with this system as well, especially when using screws. Once screws are jarred loose, they may not retighten.

Expansion Fasteners. These fasteners are simple, effective and can carry a heavy load. They may be retightened should they be jarred loose.

Because they require a larger hole, you really need a hammer drill to bore the concrete. If you can’t buy, borrow or rent one, try boring a 1/8 inch hole first with a carbide bit. Then use progressively larger carbide bits until you reach the proper size.

Buy these fasteners long enough to wedge into the concrete as deep as the wood is thick. Drill your hole an extra 1/4 inch deep, since the bolt draws back slightly when tightened.

Power Fasteners. These are extremely fast, powerful and dangerous. They are primarily professional tools which any untrained homeowner should steer clear of until they fully understanding the safety precautions. With power fasteners you can quickly nail into just about any concrete or masonry surface. Both the air and the power-actuated systems drive hardened nails through the wood and solidly into the concrete in one shot. Flying metal, wood or concrete are certain hazards, so eye protection is essential.

Glue. Over the past ten years construction adhesives have improved and become more specialized. You can securely glue just about anything to a wall now. Since glued wood must be held tightly in place until the glue sets, it’s handy to use an adhesive with another fastening system for mutual reinforcement; the glue dampens the vibration and jarring that may weaken the fasteners, and the fasteners hold the wood tightly until the glue sets.

Proper preparation ensures a good glue bond. Be sure the wood and the concrete surfaces are clean and dry. Loose paint, surface chalking or moisture will cause the bond to release. When working with a very rough surface, apply a generous bead to bridge the wider gaps between the wood and concrete.

Customer Analysis

Learn How To Build Hovercraft Models For A Science Project

January 8th, 2012 by admin No comments »

Every year your science class teacher would probably ask you to build something out of the principles being imparted in class. So your school comes up with an annual science project. The objective of science projects is to be able to clearly display the principles of a particular branch in this course. So you came up with an idea to build hovercraft models using the applications of physics.

Physics is one the major branches of science that when expanded reveals countless applications. From engineering to simple daily occurrences, this is one of the favorite discussions in a science class. The hovercraft, although not commonly used in urban transportation means, is a perfect example. And so you’re off to a good start.

What you need is to know the materials you could use. Understanding how to build hovercraft vehicles is the same with any vessel of this type. To come up with one for your project is simply improvising the materials and bringing the applied science to its miniature version. As mentioned, the objective is to show the principles.

Here are the basic things you will need:

1. Platform – You can use a wooden disk about the size of a manhole cover. You want a science project that is portable and easy to carry. So keep the size handy. This is probably the biggest in your hovercraft project.

2. Leaf blower or vacuum cleaner – You will use this to supply air flow into your platform. You may use any other gadget as long as you can put the air flow in reverse but this is the easiest to find. Your build hovercraft model must follow the air cushion system of the actual hovercraft.

3. Bendable plastic sheet – This will act as your craft’s improvised skirt. The skirt is supposed to trap air below your platform. When doing so, it builds pressure and thus creates a cushion of air. Because of the plastic sheet’s elastic properties, it will only allow limited air to disperse out of its contained space.

4. Fasteners – Use fasteners such as bolts and nuts to fasten all these materials together.

5. A detailed illustration of your science project hovercraft – To do this, you need to check on other hovercraft kits. Learn the principles. The components should be similar to the materials you have. For example, the fanning system in actual hovercrafts is represented by your leaf blower. The hovercraft hull is you platform disk and so on.

All these things above you will need for the project. Your hovercraft project should be able to carry a real person. Of course you can’t guarantee it could carry anyone who is heavier than you. Use your weight as a basis. That is why the platform is suggested to be the size of a manhole cover for this purpose. Last but not least, remember to always pay attention to you science teacher in class.

Web Server Hosting Used Power Tools